ABSTRACT Lima bean plants showing mosaic and leaf distortion symptoms, similar to those induced by viruses, were observed in several production areas in the states of Ceará and Piauí, Northeastern Brazil. The aim of this study was to identify RNA genome viruses that infect lima bean. Field research was conducted from 2017 to 2018. Fifty-five symptomatic samples were randomly collected from seven properties in five municipalities and tested by RT-PCR and DNA sequencing with specific or universal primers for two viruses and two virus groups. Four virus species were identified: cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV), cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) and cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV), which had infection levels of 21.8, 52.7, 47.2, and 1.8%, respectively, as well as double and triple infections. The CMV isolates belonged to subgroup IA. The CPMMV isolates had high nucleotide identity with CPMMV isolates from Brazil, USA and Mexico. The CABMV isolates showed moderate nucleotide identity with Brazilian isolates. Only one sample was infected with CPSMV. This is the first record of CPMMV and CPSMV naturally infecting lima bean. Approaches to virus control are discussed.

Objective: To evaluate body dissatisfaction and distorted body self-image in women with prolactinoma. Methods: Body dissatisfaction and distorted body self-image were evaluated in 80 women with prolactinoma. All patients were in menacme, 34% had normal body mass index (BMI), and 66% were overweight. Most patients (56.2%) had normal prolactin (PRL) levels and no hyperprolactinemia symptoms (52.5%). The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) was used to assess the patients’ dissatisfaction with and concern about their physical form, and the Stunkard Figure Rating Scale (FRS) was used to assess body dissatisfaction and distorted body self-image. The patients were divided according to PRL level (normal vs. elevated) and the presence or absence of prolactinoma symptoms. Results: The normal and elevated PRL groups had similar incidences of body dissatisfaction and distorted body self-image. However, symptomatic patients reported a higher incidence of dissatisfaction than asymptomatic patients. Distorted body self-image was less common among symptomatic patients. Conclusion: Symptomatic patients showed higher body dissatisfaction, but lower body self-image distortion. The presence of symptoms may have been responsible for increased body awareness. The perception of body shape could have triggered feelings of dissatisfaction compared to an ideal lean body. Therefore, a distorted body self-image might not necessarily result in body dissatisfaction in women with prolactinomas.

OBJETIVO: Revisar os principais artigos referentes ao tema desequilíbrio energético e obesidade, a fim de quantificar o excedente energético diário associado ao ganho de peso em crianças e adolescentes. FONTES DE DADOS: Artigos publicados nos últimos dez anos, indexados nas bases de dados eletrônicas Medline (Pubmed) e SciELO-Br. Na base de dados Medline, utilizou-se o descritor "energy gap", termo que descreve os valores energéticos associados às modificações no peso corporal em indivíduos ou populações. Na base de dados SciELO-Br, utilizaram-se os descritores "obesidade", "metabolismo energético", "balanço energético" e "desequilíbrio energético", devido ao fato de não terem sido encontrados artigos nacionais que discutissem o assunto "energy gap". SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Na população infantil, quatro estudos foram realizados e indicam que crianças e adolescentes estão gradualmente ganhando peso devido a um pequeno, mas persistente, balanço energético positivo diário, 70 a 160kcal acima do total calórico adequado para o crescimento. Os valores encontrados sugerem que pequenas modificações nos hábitos diários de alimentação e de atividade física seriam suficientes para evitar futuros ganhos de peso nessa população. CONCLUSÕES: O ganho gradual de peso pode ser explicado por pequena média diária de balanço energético positivo, de 70 a 160kcal acima do total calórico adequado para o crescimento. O incentivo às pequenas modificações nos hábitos alimentares e de atividades físicas que promovam a redução de 160kcal diárias pode ser uma prática acessível, a fim de barrar o ganho de peso nessa população.

OBJECTIVE: To review the main articles on energy imbalance and obesity in order to quantify the daily energy surplus associated with weight gain in children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: Articles published in the last ten years, indexed in electronic databases Medline (Pubmed) and SciELO-Br. In the Medline database, the descriptor "energy gap" was used and describes the energy values associated with changes in body weight in individuals or populations. In SciELO-Br database, the descriptors "obesity", "energy metabolism", "energy balance", and "energy imbalance" were used, once it was not possible to find national articles discussing the energy gap. DATA SYNTHESIS: In the pediatric population, four studies were performed and indicate that children and adolescents are gradually gaining weight due to a small, but persistent, daily positive energy balance of 70 to 160kcal above the total energy suitable for growth. The results suggest that small changes in daily eating behavior as well as physical activity would be enough to prevent future weight gain in this population. CONCLUSIONS: gradual weight gain can be explained by small daily average of positive energy balance, from 70 to 160kcal above the total energy suitable for growth. The incentive to small changes in eating behavior and physical activities that promotes daily reduction of 160kcal can be an accessible practice in order to block weight gain in this population.

OBJETIVO: Revisar los principales artículos referentes al tema desequilibrio energético y obesidad, a fin de cuantificar el excedente energético diario asociado a la ganancia de peso en niños y adolescentes. FUENTES DE DATOS: Revisión de artículos publicados en los últimos 10 años, indexados en las bases de datos electrónicas MEDLINE (Pubmed) y SciELO-BR. En la base de datos MEDLINE se utilizó el descriptor energy gap, término que describe los valores energéticos asociados a las modificaciones en el peso corporal en individuos o en poblaciones. En la base de datos SciELO-BR se utilizaron los descriptores obesidad, metabolismo energético, balance energético y desequilibrio energético, debido a no haberse encontrado artículos nacionales que discutieran el tema energy gap. SÍNTESIS DE LOS DATOS: En la población infantil, cuatro estudios fueron realizados e indican que niños y adolescentes están gradualmente ganando peso debido a un pequeño pero persistente balance energético positivo diario, 70 a 160kcal por encima del total calórico adecuado para el crecimiento. Los valores encontrados sugieren que pequeñas modificaciones en los hábitos diarios de alimentación y de actividad física serían suficientes para evitar futuras ganancias de peso en esta población. CONCLUSIÓN: La ganancia gradual de peso puede explicarse por pequeño promedio diario de balance energético positivo, de 70 a 160kcal por encima del total calórico adecuado para el crecimiento. El incentivo a las pequeñas modificaciones en los hábitos alimentares y de actividades físicas que promuevan la reducción de 160kcal diarias puede ser una práctica accesible a fin de parar la ganancia de peso en esta población.

Obesidade e distúrbios do sono na adolescência estão amplamente associados, afetando a saúde e a qualidade de vida (QV) de tal grupo etário. OBJETIVO: Foi avaliar comparando a QV e o sono em adolescentes obesos e eutróficos maiores de dez anos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado entre agosto de 2009 e agosto de 2010, com adolescentes obesos. O Grupo Controle (eutróficos) foi constituído por estudantes da rede pública de ensino da cidade de Americana, em São Paulo. Foram utilizados ficha de identificação, Questionário do Comportamento do Sono (SBQ), Questionário de QV (PedsQL TM 4.0) como instrumentos. RESULTADOS: Os adolescentes obesos apresentaram QV inferior à dos controles nos domínios físico (p<0,001), emocional (p=0,03) e social (p=0,002). Houve diferença em relação à avaliação psicossocial entre obesos e eutróficos (médias de 69,5±16,0 e 76,2±16,7, respectivamente). O grupo de adolescentes obesos apresentou maior quantidade de distúrbios do sono (p=0,03). Conclusões: Adolescentes obesos apresentaram prejuízo na QV e maior quantidade de distúrbios do sono comparados aos indivíduos eutróficos.

Obesity and sleep disorders in adolescence are strongly associated, and they impact both on the health and on quality of life (QL) in this age group. OBJECTIVE: To comparatively assess QL and sleep in obese and eutrophic adolescents, who are older than ten years of age. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including obese adolescents. This analysis was carried out between August 2009 and August 2010. The Control (eutrophic) Group comprised schoolchildren recruited from State schools in the city of Americana, in São Paulo State, Brazil. Instruments applied included a standardized questionnaire, the Sleep Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ), and the Pediatric QL Inventory (PedsQL TM 4.0). RESULTS: The obese adolescents had poorer QL on physical (p<0.001), emotional (p=0.03), and social (p=0.002) functioning domains. A difference in mean psychosocial functioning was found between the groups (p=0.009) with obese subjects having a mean score of 69.5 (±16.0) and in eutrophic individuals of 76.2 (±16.7). A greater number of sleep problems was evident in the Obese Group (p=0.03). Conclusions: The obese adolescents had an impaired QL and a higher frequency of sleep problems compared to the eutrophic subjects.